Leviticus 2
Ingredients of the meal offeringverses 1-3
And when any will offer a meat [grain] offering to the LORD
his offering shall be of fine flour – he shall pour oil on it
and put frankincense thereon
and he shall bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests
and he shall take there out his handful
of the flour thereof – oil thereof
And the priests shall burn the MEMORIAL of it on the altar
to be an offering made by fire – of a sweet savor to the LORD
And the REMNANT of the meat offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons
it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire
Grain offering that is bakedverses 4-6
And if you bring an oblation of a meat offering baked in the oven
it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil
or unleavened wafers anointed with oil
And if your oblation by a meat offering baked in the pan
it shall be of fine flour unleavened – mingled with oil
You shall part it in pieces – and pour oil thereon
it is a meat offering
Either way a major portion goes to priestverses 7-10
And if your oblation be a meat offering baked in the frying pan
it shall be made of fine flour with oil
And you shall bring the meat offering that is made of these things
to the LORD – and when it is presented unto the priest
he shall bring it to the altar
And the priest shall take from the meat offering a MEMORIAL thereof
and shall burn it on the altar – it is an offering made by fire
of a sweet savor to the LORD
And that which is left of the meat offering shall be Aaron’s and sons’
it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire
Negative instructionsverse 11
No meat offering – which you shall bring to the LORD
shall be made with leaven – for you shall burn no leaven
nor any honey – in any offering of the LORD
made by fire
First portion of harvest grain instructionsverses 12-16
As for the oblation of the firstfruits – you shall offer them to the LORD
BUT they shall not be burnt on the altar for a sweet savor
And every oblation of your meat offering shall you season with salt
neither shall you suffer the salt of the covenant of
your God to be lacking from your meat offering
with all your offerings you shall offer salt
And if you offer a meat offering of your firstfruits to the LORD
you shall offer for the meat offering of your firstfruits
green ears of corn dried by the fire
even corn beaten out of full ears
and you shall put oil upon it and lay frankincense thereon
it is a MEAT OFFERING
And the priest shall burn the MEMORIAL of it
part of the beaten corn thereof – and part of the oil thereof
with all the frankincense thereof
it is an offering made by fire to the LORD
COMMENTARY:
DAILY SPIRITUAL BREAKFAST: Young Believers
: 2 And he shall bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests: and he shall take there out his handful of the flour thereof, and of the oil thereof, with all the frankincense thereof; and the priest shall burn the memorial of it on the altar, to be an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor to the LORD. (234 “memorial” [‘axharah] means the portion of the meal (food) offering which is burned, or a portion of an offering set aside for the God of Israel as a memorial, remembrance)
DEVOTION: The meal offering was brought to the priests from the grain that the people raised on their land. They would bring it to the priests to offer up a sacrifice that was of sweet savor unto the LORD.
The priest would only take a portion of this offering and offer it to the LORD. The rest of the offering was for the priest to eat. It was part of his payment for serving the LORD. Remember the priests didn’t have an inheritance like the rest of the people. They were only given places to live.
This portion was mixed with frankincense when it was offering to the LORD. It was something that gave the offering its special smell. The other portion of the offering didn’t have the frankincense.
When we offer a portion of our income to the LORD, we need to remember that HE wants us to bring it with the proper attitude. HE wants there to be a sweet aroma in our hearts.
CHALLENGE: We are giving HIM a portion of the wealth that HE has allowed us to have. It shows our dependence on HIM.
DAILY SPIRITUAL LUNCH: Transitional Believers
: 3 And the remnant of the meat offering shall be Aaron’s and his sons’: it is a thing most holy of the offerings of the LORD made by fire. (3498 “remnant” [yathar] means exceed, to remain or be left, too much, preserve, or residue)
DEVOTION: We continue with the offerings that the children of Israel were to offer the LORD. HE gave special instructions regarding grain offerings. They are called “meat” offering but they what we regard as grain.
When they want to bring a grain offering it was not supposed to have any leaven in it. It was supposed to be fine flour mixed with oil and frankincense. The priests were only to take a handful of the grain offering and put it on the fire. The rest of the offering was for the priests to eat.
When they brought a grain offering baked in an oven. Again only a portion was to be sacrificed and the rest was to be eaten by priest.
When we bring our offering to the LORD, part of the offering is for the workers in full time ministry. The LORD made sure that HIS priests were taken care of and we should make sure our ministers are taken care of by our offerings.
Throughout the Old Testament we will find examples of the priests not being taken care of by the people and the country suffered for it. Sometimes the priests were not serving the LORD properly. But whether they served properly or not the LORD gave HIS people a responsibility to care for them. HE was the one who would judge them.
Remember our responsibility to our leaders. We have always felt that if the minister takes too much money from the church, he has to answer to the LORD. If the church doesn’t provide enough for the minister, they have to answer to the LORD. We need to keep the balance.
The present giving to the work of the LORD by individuals is somewhere between 2 or 3 percent according to recent statistics. The Old and New Testament teach that the giving should be a tithe, which is, ten percent. If we are wondering why the church is not moving faster to reach the world it is not only because of the giving but also for wrong priorities in some ministries.
Keep your obligation to the LORD and HE will honor you. This does not mean that you will be healthy and wealthy. It means the fellowship will be sweet between you and the LORD.
CHALLENGE: Leaders need to accept their offerings/paychecks with grace and with the understanding that they are to use it to serve the LORD not to build individual wealth.
: 4 And if you bring an oblation of the meat offering blacken in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, or unleavened wafers anointed with oil. (4682 “unleavened” [matstsah] means matzah, unfermented bread, what is sweet, or flat bread)
DEVOTION: When they brought offerings to the LORD HE was very specific regarding what was allowed and what was not allowed.
Here we see that the LORD didn’t want the offering to come with leaven in it or yeast in it. It was to be meal or grain that could be mixed with oil. When a portion or memorial part was taken by the priest he could add frankincense to give it the sweet aroma that pleased the LORD.
In the New Testament we are told that leaven was used to signify sin. Jesus warned HIS disciples to watch out for the leaven of the Pharisees. They were the ones who added to the Laws of God with their own laws for the people.
It was mixing human rules to God’s rules of life. We are not to be legalistic in our relationship with the LORD. HE gives us a life that is ruled by the law of liberty.
So we are not to be legalistic or use license in our relationship with the LORD. We are to obey HIM with our whole mind, body and soul. Within the law of liberty we have freedom that HE gives to HIS children.
Too often there are people who think that if they just do everything right they will be on the good side of God. This is wrong thinking. We are only on the good side of God if we are those who repent of our sins and follow Jesus Christ. HE is the only way to get on the “good side” of God.
CHALLENGE: God gives instructions to help HIS people worship HIM properly. Follow those instructions alone.
DAILY SPIRITUAL SUPPER: Mature Believers
: 13 And every oblation of your meat offering shall you season with salt; neither shall you suffer the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking from your meat offering: with all your offerings you shalt offer salt. (4417 “salt” [melach] means a white crystalline substance used to season and preserve food, used in purifying waters, sodium chloride, or a condiment to food)
DEVOTION: Salt is a preservative. Salt is something that is not burned up in a fire. Salt is important in the life of any individual.
Here salt is part of a covenant with the LORD. A salt covenant is an everlasting covenant that cannot be broken between the LORD and HIS people. So the grain that is offered to the LORD had to have some salt mixed in with it to show this fact.
Here is a quote regarding the importance of the adding of salt: “Salt also was associated with covenants in Num 18:19 and 2 Chr 13:5. In Num 18:19 the Sinaitic Covenant is in view, while in 2 Chr 13:5 the Davidic Covenant is highlighted. Salt is a preservative, so it symbolizes the notion that the covenant cannot be destroyed by fire or decay.” (Rooker, M. F. (2000). Leviticus (Vol. 3A, p. 98). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers)
Jesus is called the “Bread of Life” and our relationship to HIM is based on the fact that HE is the source of our strength to face each day. Without the nourishment of bread we would be weak in our battle with the enemy. We need our daily bread. We need to remember what the LORD taught HIS disciples to pray.
CHALLENGE: Give us our daily bread.
:15 And you shall put oil upon it, and lay frankincense thereon: it is a meat offering. (8081 “oil” [shemen] means 1 fat, oil. 1a fat, fatness. 1b oil, olive oil. 1b1 as staple, medicament or unguent. 1b2 for anointing. 1c fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaphor). [Strong, J. (1995). Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon. Woodside Bible Fellowship])
DEVOTION: God here instructs the children of Israel to use oil (probably olive oil) in their offerings of meat sacrifices to Him. While one might wonder what the need of adding oil would be, God wanted to give them another metaphor about His relationship with them. Oil in the Old Testament is a metaphor for God’s leading through the Holy Spirit. For example, when the kings of Israel were later chosen, they are anointed with oil to signify the desire for them to be led by the Holy Spirit. Ultimately there would come one who is called the Christ (or Messiah), who was to be the Anointed One of God the Father. Jesus fulfilled this role.
By being filled with the Holy Spirit, one would be filled with joy and pleasure (what is described as the “oil of gladness”) (Isaiah 61:3, quoted in Hebrews 1:9). Oil also serves the purpose of refreshing and encouraging. It is as if God is personally renewing us day by day as we yield ourselves to Him. This is the only way to experience true joy in the Christian life, expressed by obedience to the Father.
As they saw their meat and oil go up in flames before their eyes, they could rest assured that their offering had been accepted by God. It was to be from the first fruits of their livelihood, and was to signify that all that we have belongs to God. God likewise wants us to trust Him with the first fruits of our income by giving this to His work. This was also a test to see if the people would really trust God to provide for their needs.
CHALLENGE: What are you willing to offer God in order to experience His joy and gladness? (MW)
DISCIPLINES OF THE FAITH:
BODY
Chastity (Purity in living)
Fasting (Time alone with LORD without eating or drinking)
Sacrifice (Giving up something we want to serve the LORD)
Submission (Willing to listen to others and LORD)
Solitude (Going to a quiet place without anyone)
SOUL
Fellowship (Gathering together around the Word of God)
Frugality (wise use of resources)
Journalizing (Writing down what you have learned from the LORD)
Study and Meditation (Thinking through your study in the Word)
Secrecy (Doing your good deeds without others knowing but God)
SPIRIT
Celebration (Gathering around a special occasion to worship LORD)
Confession (Tell the LORD we are sorry for our sins on a daily basis)
Prayer (Conversation with God on a personal level)
Silence (Letting the LORD deal with some problems and needs)
Worship (Time to praise the LORD alone or in a group)
Sweet savor unto the LORDverses 2, 9, 12
DOCTRINES OF THE FAITH:
Scripture (66 inerrant books of the Bible)
God the Father (First person of the Godhead)
LORD (Jehovah)verses 1, 2, 8-12, 14, 16
Godverse 13
God the Son (Second person of the Godhead – God/man, Messiah)
God the Holy Spirit (Third person of the Godhead – our comforter)
Trinity (Three persons of the Godhead who are co-equal = ONE God)
Angels (Created before the foundation of the world – Good and Evil)
Man (Created on the sixth twenty-four hour period of creation)
Sin (Missing the mark set by God on man and angels)
Leaven in meat offeringverses 4, 11
Honey in meat offeringverse 11
Salvation (Provided by Christ’s death on the cross for our sins)
Providing for need of God’s servantsverses 3, 10
Bringing firstfruits to the LORDverses 12, 14
Covenant of saltverse 13
Israel (Old Testament people of God)
Meal offeringverses 1-11, 13, 14
Fine flour
Oil
Frankincense
Burn memorial on altar
Sweet savor to the LORD
Season with salt
Firstfruits
Frankincenseverses 1, 2, 15, 16
Aaronverses 2, 10
Aaron’s sonsverses 2, 3, 10
Priestverses 2, 3, 8, 9, 16
Remnant of the meat offering
Shall be Aaron’s and sons
Church (New Testament people of God)
Last Things (Future Events)
DONATIONS:
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QUOTES regarding passage
1–16 The “grain offering” (v.1) is called the meat offering in the KJV in the old English sense of “meat,” i.e., “food.” It is sometimes called a meal offering or cereal offering, for it consisted of flour or baked goods. Four kinds of grain offering are specified in Leviticus 2: uncooked flour (v.1), bread baked in an oven (v.4), bread prepared on a griddle (v.5), and bread cooked in a pan (v.7).
The meaning of the grain offering is not explicitly given. It has a practical value in that a “memorial portion” (v.2) of the offering was burnt on the altar (cf. Notes) and the rest was given to the priests for their food (v.3; cf. 1 Cor 9:13). Only males who were priests could eat it in the Holy Place (6:16–18). The rest of the priest’s family would eat ordinary yeast bread. Apart from the practical value that this offering gave the priests bread to eat with their meat, the symbolism of the grain offering possibly emphasizes thanksgiving. Aside from its ritual use, the word means “gift” or “tribute” (e.g., Gen 32:13; 2 Sam 8:6). A grain offering was specified to accompany other various types of offerings on the altar (23:13–20; Exod 29:40; Num 28–29 et al.).
The drink offering or libation, which was also to accompany various sacrifices, is not mentioned in this section. “Drink offering” is somewhat of a misnomer. The wine was poured over the sacrifice or poured out in the Holy Place; it was not drunk (Num 28:7–15). For a lamb about a pint and a half was used.
The size of the grain offering is not given here. Elsewhere various amounts are specified—the smallest is one-tenth measure of flour (about two quarts if a “measure” is an ephah) with one-fourth hin of oil (about a pint and a half; cf. Num 28:11–14).
The grain offering was to be accompanied with oil and incense (v.1) and salt (v.13). The familiar olive oil was much used in Hebrew cooking as a shortening and was also used as an ointment, as an ingredient in perfume, etc. Only a portion of the flour was to be burnt (v.2), but all the incense was consumed on the altar. The proscription of yeast with the sacrifices that are burnt on the altar is frequent (vv.4–5, 7, 11 et al.). The law against honey appears only here (v.11). The reason for forbidding yeast with the Passover meal was that when Israel left Egypt, there was no time to use yeast to make the bread rise. This incident may have determined the symbolic meaning in other sacrifices. Yeast and honey were indeed edible and were a suitable gift as an offering of firstfruits for the priests’ food, but they were not to be burned on the altar (vv.11–12). (Harris, R. L. (1990). Leviticus. In F. E. Gaebelein (Ed.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers (Vol. 2, pp. 540–541). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.)
The meal offering (2:1–16; 6:14–23; 7:9–10) could be presented at the altar in one of five forms: fine flour, oven-baked cakes, cakes baked in a pan, cakes baked in a frying pan (on a griddle), or crushed roasted heads of new grain. These cakes would resemble our modern baked pie crust or pizza dough. The officiating priest put only a portion of the offering on the altar—the “memorial portion” for the Lord—where it was consumed in the fire; and the rest of the offering went to the priests for their own personal use. Only the males in the family could eat it, and they had to do it in the holy place of the tabernacle (6:16, 18), and with unleavened bread (v. 17). The only meal offering that was not eaten was the one presented each morning and evening by the high priest’s son, who would succeed him in office (vv. 19–23). Twice a day, God reminded His priests that they should maintain purity and integrity as they served Him.
Since grain represents the fruit of our labor, the meal offering was one way for the Jews to dedicate to God that which He had enabled them to produce. The frankincense that was burned with the memorial portion represents prayer (Ps. 141:2; Rev. 5:8), a reminder of the petition “Give us this day our daily bread” (Matt. 6:11). But the meal offering was not presented alone; it accompanied one of the sacrifices that involved the shedding of blood. Our hard work can never purchase salvation or earn the blessing of God; for apart from the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness of sin (Heb. 9:22). But those who have been saved by faith in the shed blood of Christ may dedicate to the Lord what He has enabled them to produce.
This offering represents Jesus Christ as the Bread of Life (John 6:32ff), the perfect One who nourishes our inner person as we worship Him and ponder His Word. This explains why God laid down such strict conditions for the offerer to meet before the meal offering would be accepted. The offering had to be accompanied with oil (Lev. 2:1–2, 4, 6, 15), either poured on it or mingled with it, a picture of the Holy Spirit of God, who was given to Christ without measure (John 3:34). It also had to include salt (Lev. 2:13; Matt. 5:13), which speaks of our Lord’s purity of character. Jesus compared Himself to a grain of wheat (John 12:23–25), and He was crushed (“fine flour”) and put through the furnace of suffering that He might save us from our sins. (Wiersbe, W. W. (1996). Be Holy (pp. 22–23). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.)
FROM MY READING:
(Remember the only author that I totally agree with is the HOLY SPIRIT in the inerrant WORD OF GOD called THE BIBLE! All other I try to gleam what I can to help me grow in the LORD!!)
The ANALYZED BIBLE by G. Campbell Morgan D.D.
This is a book of laws. It has been aptly called the handbook of the priests. Its Hebrew title, Vayyikra, which means “And He called,” is the first phrase of the book itself.
It, moreover, reveals that fact that there can only be worship through propitiation, because man is a sinner.
As to the offerings, five were needed to perfectly unfold the meaning and method of personal dedication. The first was the burnt offering, which suggested the need for perfect dedication. The lamb without blemish consumed by fire indicated the necessity of a dedication perfect in quality and quantity. The meal offering was the work of men’s hands, of the fruits of the ground, the result of cultivation, manufacture, and preparation, suggesting that dedication necessitated the offering of a perfect service as well as a perfect life. Of the peace offering, part was burned by fire and part consumed by the worshipper. It was the symbol of communion. In the white light of the Divine holiness, sin is sin, whether it be willful or not; and the sin offering was provided to teach that the failure of those dedicated to God must yet be dealt with on the basis of sacrifice. The trespass offering was provided for definite acts of wrongdoing. Trespass in this connection is more than a mere missing of the mark. It includes the thought of positive and willful wrongdoing. (p. 54-55)
Two possible reasons have been offered for the prohibition of leaven: (1) leavened material along with honey would be prone to ferment and decay and thus would change the nature of the offering, and (2) leaven and honey were used in pagan worship practices in the ancient Near East, so they were prohibited in the Israelite religion. (Rooker, M. F. (2000). Leviticus (Vol. 3A, p. 97). Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers)
The cereal offerings were thus a major source of support for the priests, who did not own land and, therefore, had no means of growing their own crops. (Carson, D. A., France, R. T., Motyer, J. A., & Wenham, G. J. (Eds.). (1994). New Bible commentary: 21st century edition (4th ed., p. 126). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press.)
It may be that both yeast and honey were used in processes of fermentation and thus were symbolic of corruption. This view is strengthened by the command to add salt, since salt was certainly a preservative agent in the ancient world. Salt was symbolic not only of the stemming of corruption, but also of permanence. (Carson, D. A., France, R. T., Motyer, J. A., & Wenham, G. J. (Eds.). (1994). New Bible commentary: 21st century edition (4th ed., p. 126). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press.)
This variety of three utensils and four types of bread was apparently designed to encourage worshipers to bring their offerings whatever their economic or social circumstances. (Lindsey, F. D. (1985). Leviticus. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Vol. 1, p. 177). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.)
However, all the offerings for the altar were to include salt, apparently symbolic of Israel’s covenant relationship with God (the salt of the covenant of your God), which was the foundation of the Levitical sacrificial system. Since salt was regarded in the ancient Near East as not being destructible by fire, “a covenant of salt” seems to refer to an eternal covenant (Num. 18:19; 2 Chron. 13:5). (Lindsey, F. D. (1985). Leviticus. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Vol. 1, p. 177). Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.)
Acts 18
Paul embarks on his third journey that takes him first to Ephesus.
INSIGHT
Apollos combines the eloquence of the Greek with the religious instinct of the Jew. Most likely a student from the great university at Alexandria, Apollos is a convert to the Gospel, deeply conversant with the Old Testament. Gifted with marvelous eloquence, he is a strong ally of the Christian forces of his age. But he needs to understand the death, resurrection, and ascended power of Christ. Aquila and Priscilla teach Apollos these things. How wonderful is that holy wisdom that the Spirit of God gives to humble believers so that they can become teachers of men who are intellectually their superiors! When teaching children or new believers, encourage them and have hope that some may become “might y in the Scriptures” (v. 24) (Quiet Walk)
NAMES AND WORSHIP
Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Matthew 28:19
Further evidence for the deity of Christ is the way in which the names of God the Father and Jesus Christ the Son are coupled together. There are several examples of this. Christ Himself said, “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.” Romans 1:7 speaks of “God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ.” In 2 Corinthians 13:14, in the so-called apostolic benediction, we read, “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all.” First Thessalonians 3:11 says, “Now God himself and our Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, direct our way unto you.” And, indeed, you will find it in James 1:1, “James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.”
A further piece of evidence supporting the divinity of Christ is that divine worship is ascribed to Him. He accepted such worship from men and women when He was on earth. You will find that in Matthew 28:9 and in Luke 24:52. But you get it also by way of exhortation in 1 Corinthians 1:2 where Paul refers to “all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord.” That is worship. In 2 Corinthians 12:8-9 Paul tells us, “For this thing I besought the Lord thrice”–that this is the Lord Jesus Christ is quite clear from the context. In Acts 7:59 we read of Stephen, as he was being stoned, “And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” Indeed, our Lord Himself already prepared us for all this when He said, “That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father” (John 5:23).
A Thought to Ponder: The names of God the Father and Jesus Christ the Son are coupled together.
(From God the Father, God the Son, pp. 269-270, by Dr. Martyn Lloyd-Jones)
The Imperatives of Redemption
“From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised again the third day.” (Matthew 16:21)
The little word “must” (Greek deon) conveys urgency and necessity and is frequently used in connection with the redemptive work of the Lord Jesus Christ. When He was just a lad, He told His parents in the temple: “I must be about my Father’s business” (Luke 2:49).
But then the first time this key auxiliary verb is found in the New Testament is in the comprehensive prophetic statement of His mission, as given to His disciples in our text. He must go to Jerusalem to suffer, and die, and be raised the third day. As He was moving toward that climactic event, “he said unto them, I must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also: for therefore am I sent” (Luke 4:43). Furthermore, “I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work” (John 9:4).
He had much preaching and much work to do in that brief three-year interim in world history. But then He must die! And why must He die? Because “the scriptures must be fulfilled” (Mark 14:49). “These are the words which I spake unto you… that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me” (Luke 24:44). And how must He die? “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up” (John 3:14). But then, of course, “he must rise again from the dead” (John 20:9).
To what purpose must He be lifted up on the cross to die and then be raised again? Why, because “there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved” (Acts 4:12). (HMM, The Institute for Creation Research)
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